• The possibility that a carboxyl group attached to

  2020-12-12

  

  The possibility that a carboxyl group attached to the or position of an -arylaminomethylenemalonate ester would lead to increased selectivity for DHODH has been tested and found not to be the case. Indeed, reduced selectivity compared with the corresponding ester is observed and is attributed to a

• The homologous DDRs are composed of an N terminal

  2020-12-12

  

  The homologous DDRs are composed of an N-terminal discoidin homology domain, followed by a sequence of ∼220 amino acids unique to the DDRs, a transmembrane domain, a large juxtamembrane domain, and a conserved cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. In a previous study, we demonstrated that DDR activati

• Resveratrol is a phytoalexin that

  2020-12-11

  

  Resveratrol is a phytoalexin that occurs in relatively large amounts in peanut, berries, grapes, and red wine (Soleas et al., 2001). A recent study showed that resveratrol prevents social deficit in an animal model of autism, indicating its potential for possible therapeutic use in children with aut

• Injurious effects of cigarette smoke CS

  2020-12-11

  

  Injurious effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on human health are progressively being acknowledged both in animal and human studies. CS is a highly complex mixture that contains substantive amounts of toxic oxidants, nitric oxide, organic compounds, free radicals and microbial cell components including

• Unexpectedly CRF receptor agonist and antagonist evoked

  2020-12-11

  

  Unexpectedly, CRF2 receptor agonist and antagonist evoked similar effects in the fall in tail skin temperature caused by restraint. However, Ucn3 reduced basal values of tail skin temperature, thus indicating that some degree of basal vasoconstriction caused by BNST treatment with Ucn3 may have cont

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2020-12-11

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In the past decade, GWAS have attempted to identify genetic variants that confer risk for many human diseases, whose inherited components remain unexplained (Manolio et al., 2009). In a few cases risk variants identified by GWAS have paved the way fo

• br Acknowledgements Professor Olli A J nne is warmly

  2020-12-11

  

  Acknowledgements Professor Olli A. Jänne is warmly thanked for support and for providing excellent research facilities. Professor Patrik Finne is acknowledged for his help with statistical analyses. Drs Ronald Evans, Vincent Giguère, Jorma Palvimo, Malcolm Parker, and Anastasia Kralli are acknowl

• At one time the biological effects of cAMP

  2020-12-11

  

  At one time, the biological effects of cAMP were thought to be mediated exclusively by Protein Kinase A (PKA). Consistent with this, PKA inhibitors have been shown to reverse the effects of cAMP-elevating agents on VSMC proliferation [5]. However, we recently reported that cAMP-mediated inhibition o

• br Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine

  2020-12-11

  

  Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Ras-like GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 [9]. There are two mammalian EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2 1, 2 (Figure 1). Whereas EPAC1 displays a wide tissue distribution, the expression of EPAC2 is more restr

• br Results br Discussion The advent

  2020-12-11

  

  Results Discussion The advent of TKI treatment has greatly improved CML therapy. Because CML LSCs are less sensitive to TKIs, CML is usually controlled rather than cured, highlighting an unmet clinical need. Developed from our previous finding that CML LSCs are more dependent on Tcf1 and Lef1

• Key molecules in the EP second messenger

  2020-12-11

  

  Key molecules in the EP1 second messenger signaling cascade that are necessary for potentiation of GluK2/GluK5 were identified. We also identified three GluK5 serines located in a membrane-proximal C-terminal domain that, when mutated to the phosphomimetic aspartate and expressed with GluK2, rendere

• A decrease in heme levels enables the phosphorylation of eIF

  2020-12-11

  

  A decrease in heme levels enables the phosphorylation of eIF2α by HRI and thereby inhibition of eIF2α activity. Indeed, the relatively small change in cytosolic heme levels in SZ boc boc receptor showed downstream functional consequences manifested by almost 50% elevation in the phosphorylation of e

• The human MARCH family comprises eleven members termed MARCH

  2020-12-10

  

  The human MARCH family comprises eleven members (termed MARCH-1 to 11), of which nine are transmembrane proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of the membrane-spanning MARCH proteins and how their transmembrane regions can mediate interactions with their target proteins. Therefore, the cytos

• Alrestatin Intriguingly one E residue may serve

  2020-12-10

  

  Intriguingly, one E2 residue may serve as a molecular ‘gate’ to allow the C-terminus of ubiquitin to access the closed E2~Ub conformations favorable for ubiquitin transfer. This residue, Asp87 in UbcH5 family members, resides on one side of the opening that leads to the active site Cys (Fig. 4D). In

• Covalent inhibitors are well suited for targeting

  2020-12-10

  

  Covalent inhibitors are well suited for targeting the E1 c16 of Ubl modifications. Because the E1 enzymes in Ubl modifications, such as the SUMO E1 and Atg7, have a slow turnover rate (Boggio et al., 2004), prolonged inhibition can be achieved without requiring compounds to be stable in circulation,

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