• The modification of proteins with

  2020-06-17

  

  The modification of proteins with the small 76-amino L-AP5 protein ubiquitin (Ub) plays a central role in many key cellular processes. Ubiquitylation of a target protein requires the concerted action of a cascade of three enzymes (Figure 1). The ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) catalyzes the formati

• As for antiviral activity eight

  2020-06-17

  

  As for antiviral activity, eight out of 23 synthesized compounds were active against influenza B virus with EC50 values in the range of 0.19–39 μM. Four of the eight influenza B hits were active against influenza A and two were also active against RSV (4 and 6, EC50 = 0.40 and 1.8 μM, respectively).

• The present findings suggested that nsEP inhibited

  2020-06-17

  

  The present findings suggested that nsEP inhibited CPG2 via deprivation of zinc ions, with no effect on apoenzyme integrity. Zinc may be removed from CPG2 by the electric forces. Within CPG2, each zinc ion was coordinated by one histidine, one glutamate and one aspartate [6]. The nsEP field can alte

• These findings further extend our knowledge of

  2020-06-17

  

  These findings further extend our knowledge of how P4 and/or E2 can mediate anxiety and fear responses. Female rats in behavioral estrous and ovx rats administered systemic P4 and/or E2 demonstrated significantly less anxiety in the open field and/or elevated plus maze, compared to diestrous rats, a

• The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK

  2020-06-17

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a highly conserved module that mediates the transduction of signals from the cell surface to the nucleus (M. Köbel et al., 2005), meanwhile, it is known to be activated by a wide array of signals ranging from growth and differentiation factors t

• The majority of serpins inhibit serine proteases

  2020-06-17

  

  The majority of serpins inhibit serine proteases, but serpins that inhibit caspases or papain-like cysteine proteases have also been identified [4], [5]. Inhibitory serpins are ‘suicide’ or ‘single use’ inhibitors that use a unique conformational change to inhibit proteases. This conformational tran

• br Experimental procedures br Acknowledgments br

  2020-06-17

  

  Experimental procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control many fundamental cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and metabolism (Lemmon and Schlessinger, 2010). RTK activity is normally tightly controlled, and dysregu

• br Future perspectives Understanding how peptides are degrad

  2020-06-17

  

  Future perspectives Understanding how peptides are degraded, particularly those which may be therapeutically useful, such as GLP-1, has proved to be invaluable in providing a rationale for the development of a novel class of therapeutic agents. However, while DPP-4 plays an important role in the

• For the first time we

  2020-06-16

  

  For the first time, we provide evidence for COMT Val158Met modulation of long-term fear extinction in humans, evident both in cortical (LPP) and autonomic (fear bradycardia) components of the conditioned fear response. We further found that the initial acquisition of fear is related to dispositional

• Nociceptive and hyperalgesic actions of ET are

  2020-06-16

  

  Nociceptive and hyperalgesic actions of ET-1 are produced through ETA and ETB receptors. Previous reports indicate that ETA receptor antagonists in peripheral tissues are effective in inhibiting ET-1 induced hyperalgesia, and attenuation of neuropathic pain in rats [16]. Studies have also shown that

• Key molecules in the EP second messenger

  2020-06-16

  

  Key molecules in the EP1 second messenger signaling cascade that are necessary for potentiation of GluK2/GluK5 were identified. We also identified three GluK5 serines located in a membrane-proximal C-terminal domain that, when mutated to the phosphomimetic aspartate and expressed with GluK2, rendere

• We not only found that the ISR leads

  2020-06-16

  

  We not only found that the ISR leads to attenuation of conventional cap-dependent translation with no change in RAN translation of the G4C2 expanded repeat, but also that GA translation from the expanded repeat (but not from 5 G4C2 repeats, perhaps because the protein product does not aggregate) is

• A structural explanation for how

  2020-06-16

  

  A structural explanation for how RBR RING1s handle their bound E2~Ubs differently from canonical RINGs has not been readily apparent. Only a few residue positions are strongly conserved in RING and RING1 domains, most of which are zinc-coordinating Cys and histidine residues. A key position in canon

• The yeast Rad p radiation sensitive also

  2020-06-16

  

  The yeast Rad6p (radiation sensitive 6, also called Ubc2) E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme is a member of the highly conserved UBC proteins in eukaryotes (Xu et al., 2009). Rad6p is involved in several cellular processes, including DNA repair, transcriptional activation and silencing, histone ubiquit

• flt3 br Synthesis and mechanism of

  2020-06-16

  

  Synthesis and mechanism of fluorescent DNA-CuNMs Application of fluorescent DNA-CuNMs Summary and conclusions In summary, we introduce recent research progress in the synthesis and various applications of DNA-CuNMs. DNA-CuNMs with novel catalytic, electrical and optical properties can be ob

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