• Studies have focused on a hydrophobic cage at the CULT

  2019-07-30

  

  Studies have focused on a hydrophobic cage at the CULT domain, conserved from bacteria to mammals, as it binds to substrates and IMiDs (Chamberlain et al., 2014, Lupas et al., 2015). In addition, CRBN ligand-mediated protein degradation was highly conserved, which was confirmed in vertebrates by foc

• Here we discuss implications of several major families of

  2019-07-30

  

  Here, we discuss implications of several major families of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases (MDM, Cullin, GRAIL, TRAF, TRIM) as targets in inflammation and immunity, and provide insights into potential small molecule interventions to mediate the cellular responses (summarized in Table 1). We briefly c

• To function as Ub ligases E proteins

  2019-07-30

  

  To function as Ub-ligases, E3 proteins must interact with E2s. As compared to the extensive studies on E3s, functional studies on E2s are relatively rudimentary in higher plants. We previously reported that there are 48 genes encoding Ub-conjugating (UBC) fold-containing putative E2 proteins in the

• Accordingly we prepared three compounds and

  2019-07-30

  

  Accordingly, we prepared three compounds (, , and ) as shown in . Condensation of commercially available Bestatin hydrochloride with glycine methyl ester gave amide . A Friedel–Crafts reaction between compound and 4-methyl valeryl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride mainly produced und

• Several functions of FAT have

  2019-07-30

  

  Several functions of FAT10 have been suggested. It has been shown that FAT10 binds noncovalently to the mitotic spindle checkpoint protein MAD2 and that this binding might cause chromosome instability in the cancer Oxaliplatin overexpressing FAT10 (Liu et al., 1999, Ren et al., 2006). In other stud

• br Structural and biochemical features of pol X family polym

  2019-07-30

  

  Structural and biochemical features of pol X family polymerases The X-family DNA polymerase (polX) is specialized in DNA repair. This family is composed of four different DNA polymerases: pol β, pol λ, pol μ and TdT. Only three members of the polX family possess an N-terminal BRCT (BRCA1 carboxy-

• Taking a pragmatic approach with a view to complete the

  2019-07-30

  

  Taking a pragmatic approach with a view to complete the study and because chemotherapy regimens in NETs are not standardized, we do not impose a specific regimen in both arms. However, one regimen in each arm is recommended in order to reduce heterogeneity: the ALKY-based chemotherapy arm will recei

• br Introduction In addition to the canonical double stranded

  2019-07-30

  

  Introduction In addition to the canonical double stranded structure, DNA can form various higher order structures such as bulges, and various kinds of mismatches, triplexes, to the G-quadruplex (G4). Over the past decades, accumulating evidence has begun to emerge that these non-canonical structu

• Acanthopanax senticosus Rupr Maxim Harms a nontoxic

  2019-07-30

  

  Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms, a nontoxic herb belongs to the family of Araliaceae, which found in Northeast Asia. A. senticosus traditionally used as a tonic to treat rheumatism, diabetes, and hepatitis [7]. Previous phytochemical and biological investigations found its roots and

• DNA hypomethylation has been found in liver tumor

  2019-07-29

  

  DNA hypomethylation has been found in liver tumor and other tumors of humans, such as laryngeal cancer, IFN-gamma, murine recombinant solubility tumors, tongue squamous cell carcinoma and uterine leiomyomas [[20], [21], [22], [23], [24]]. Then, we mainly sought to confirm whether TCA could induce D

• br Acknowledgement This study was supported by

  2019-07-29

  

  Acknowledgement This study was supported by Vetenskapsrådet, Sweden (Grant 2017-02918). Introduction Soybean is a major source of protein and oil used for food and feed, as well as for the production of industrial products like lubricants and hydraulic fluids (Choudhary and Tran, 2011; Hsien,

• br Conflicts of interest br Financial support

  2019-07-29

  

  Conflicts of interest Financial support NZ is an Established Investigator of the Dutch Heart Foundation (2013T111) and is supported by an ERC Consolidator grant (617376) from the European Research Council and by a Vici grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; 91818

• Cellular immune responses such as

  2019-07-29

  

  Cellular immune responses, such as phagocytosis and apoptosis, are very important processes to eradicate the invading pathogens and reduce concomitant host damage. And all of these processes are fine-tuned by the ubiquitin system (Li et al., 2016). Phagocytosis is a major mechanism of cellular immun

• The murine subfamily members including and have been

  2019-07-29

  

  The murine subfamily members including , , , and have been identified and their encoded proteins showed deubiquitinating enzymatic activity , , , . It has been demonstrated that is an immediate-early gene induced by IL-3 in B-lymphocytes and is an IL-2 specific immediate-early gene in T-lymphoc

• br Significance Ubl post translational

  2019-07-27

  

  Significance Ubl post-translational modifications are potential targets for developing novel therapeutics for life-threatening diseases, such as c-Myc- and KRas-driven cancers that lack targeted therapy. However, only a few drugs are available to target these modifications. This lack of drugs hig

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