• Ultrasound is an acoustic wave

  2019-07-19

  

  Ultrasound is an acoustic wave with a frequency >20 kHz that needs a medium to propagate [20]. Accompanied by the spread of an ultrasonic wave, a series of alternating cycles of compression and rarefaction emerge in the liquid medium. During the rarefaction cycle, microbubbles are formed because of

• br Introduction Our understanding of how ligands interact

  2019-07-19

  

  Introduction Our understanding of how ligands interact with G protein coupled receptors is evolving, particularly the recognition that some have the ability to preferentially activate a subset of intracellular signalling cascades – so called pathway biased ligands [1]. Additionally, it is now acc

• The generation of ROS in addition to eliciting oxidative str

  2019-07-19

  

  The generation of ROS, in addition to eliciting oxidative stress, is an important proapoptotic signal (Ott et al., 2007). Apoptosis is clearly associated with the production of ROS, since ROS generation occurs in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and disturbs mitochondrial homeostasis, which plays

• br Oxysterols as Key Players in Metabolic

  2019-07-19

  

  Oxysterols as Key Players in Metabolic Syndrome? Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are on the rise and pose serious threats to people\'s health and wellbeing. Obesity is often associated with other pathologies and is one of the criteria included in the definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (see G

• To predict levels of SCF assembly Liu et al first

  2019-07-19

  

  To predict levels of SCF assembly, Liu et al. (2018) first quantified the remaining necessary kinetic parameters and derived a model in combination with known functions and concentrations of components. The model agrees astonishingly well with many experimental observables. In terms of SCF assembly,

• We also observed reduced insulinotropic effects

  2019-07-19

  

  We also observed reduced insulinotropic effects after intravenous administration of both GLP-1 and GIP with atropine, whereas no inhibition was observed by atropine of the direct effects of GLP-1 and GIP action on beta-cells in the islet experiments. This suggests that the reduction in circulating i

• Possibly there are similarities among euphorb plant species

  2019-07-19

  

  Possibly there are similarities among euphorb plant species but extraction of the ap-1 transcription factor present in the microsomal fraction is needed for testing their preferences for substrates. Although R. communis, E. lathyris and E. lagascae belong to the same family, the DGAT activity of the

• Cytokines are small secreted proteins

  2019-07-19

  

  Cytokines are small secreted proteins that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are produced in response to an immune stimulus. Cytokines regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response by stimulating or inhibiting the activation, proliferation, and/or diff

• br Acknowledgements We thank Jeffrey D Konowalchuk and John

  2019-07-19

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Jeffrey D. Konowalchuk and John Sony Robbins for their technical assistance. This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) grants to DRB (RGPIN-2013-355303) and MB (RGPIN-2014-96395). AMR was supported by NSERC Vanier Doct

• A number of studies have been

  2019-07-18

  

  A number of studies have been carried out to understand lipid production pathways and to increase TAGs level in higher plants. Overexpression of key IL-4, murine recombinant of the Kennedy pathway until now is by far the most successful strategy to increase TAG lipid content in Brassica napus, Arab

• br Conclusions br Conflict of interest

  2019-07-18

  

  Conclusions Conflict of interest Financial disclosure Introduction In prokaryotes, six distinct autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways have been identified so far. Of these pathways, 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3-HP/4-HB) cycle is one of the recently discovered pathways [1]. The 3-

• Since Slaughter s proposal of a genetic field defect concept

  2019-07-18

  

  Since Slaughter’s proposal of a genetic field defect concept for the explanation of the local relapse occurrence, much evidence has accumulated for its confirmation. The last ten years brought evidence that the genetic changes in the field are frequently accompanied by epigenetic aberrations. The ep

• Group B phytocystatins are also expressed in

  2019-07-18

  

  Group B phytocystatins are also expressed in caryopses. Although their expression patterns during germination are similar to those of the group A inhibitors, their expression patterns during seed development vary, indicating that they play different roles in the latter process. The highest levels of

• Recently we have demonstrated that the synthesis

  2019-07-18

  

  Recently we have demonstrated that the synthesis of cysteinyl-LTs from LTA4 by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is directly associated with the activation of the CysLT2 receptor (CysLT2R) in a typical autocrine fashion, and that solely the CysLT2R is responsible for the increase in in

• br Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion Mitochondr

  2019-07-18

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion Mitochondrion not only generates energy but also produces ROS under physiological conditions. However, overnutrition causes mitochondrial congestion and elicits excessive ROS generation, leading to insulin resistance (Muoio, 2014, Houstis et al., 200

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