• Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic

  2025-03-03

  

  Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released from most cells, including neurons and glias. Endogenous adenosine acts at four principal G-protein-associated receptor subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b and A3 (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998). The stimulation of adenosine receptors by extracellular adenos

• As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade we

  2025-03-03

  

  As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade, we have been targeting adenosine kinase (ADK) – an astrocyte-based enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of adenosine, as a means to modify Artemisinine adenosinergic signalling (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Up-regulating ADK facilitat

• Earlier studies revealed an interaction between HSP and ACK

  2025-03-03

  

  Earlier studies revealed an interaction between HSP90β and ACK1 [15]. In the proteomic approach, we show that ACK1 associates with HSP90α and HSP90β. Additionally, we confirm the existence of a HSP90-ACK1 complex with co-IP experiments. We further analysed whether an inhibition of HSP90 affected the

• The first suggestions that the cleaved intracellular domain

  2025-03-03

  

  The first suggestions that the cleaved intracellular domain of APP, AICD, might transit to the nucleus and hence selectively regulate gene transcription arose from analogies with the Notch receptor signalling system where similar intra-membrane proteolysis occurs [84], [85] and it was later confirme

• In fact serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic DA

  2025-03-03

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• Recent studies demonstrated FoxO a enhances the protective

  2025-03-03

  

  Recent studies demonstrated FoxO3a enhances the protective functions of autophagy in response to environmental stress , . FoxO3a coordinately activates autophagy by binding directly to the promoters of autophagy-related genes, including LC3, Gabarapl1, Beclin1, and Atg12 in atrophied skeletal muscle

• The link between HPV infection and neoplasia has

  2025-03-03

  

  The link between HPV infection and neoplasia has been well established. HPV encodes two oncogenes (E6 and E7) that drive lactic acid progression by controlling the functions of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and Rb [7]. HPV is associated with more than 99% of cervical CESC cases [8]. CESC remains a

• Here we report discovery of highly

  2025-03-03

  

  Here we report discovery of highly selective pan-Aurora kinase inhibitors through phenotypic screening. The co-crystal structure of fluc bound in the ATP binding site of Aurora A is described, and provides insight into the possible structural basis for the selectivity of the interaction. To ident

• br Colorectal carcinoma The growth rate of murine

  2025-03-01

  

  Colorectal carcinoma The growth rate of murine colon adenocarcinoma tumors decreased upon inhibition of 5-LOX, an enzyme that harbors counteracting properties to 15-LOX [28]. It is not clear whether 15-LOX was associated with this phenomenon, but its expression is induced in the colon carcinoma c

• HMGA proteins have also been linked

  2025-03-01

  

  HMGA proteins have also been linked to localized changes in chromatin/nucleosome structure and alterations of cellular phenotype during induction of gene transcription in activated T lymphocytes. An adaptive immune response is initiated when naïve resting T lymphocytes encounter their corresponding

• Because of the critical roles played by

  2025-03-01

  

  Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20

• br Guava tea leaves inhibit leukocyte type lipoxygenase

  2025-03-01

  

  Guava tea leaves inhibit leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase activity Guava tea that is extracted from guava leaves contains a number of polyphenols, and is commonly taken as a dietary supplement. The extracts show a variety of beneficial effects such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiprolif

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Diabetic complications a

  2025-03-01

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Diabetic complications are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Increased flow of l6 through the polyol pathway under conditions of hyperglycemia contributes to the development of diabetic complications. Aldose reductase (ALR2),

• According to their structures and

  2025-03-01

  

  According to their structures and substrate specificity, MMPs are divided into five major groups: collagenases (e.g., MMP1), gelatinases (e.g., MMP2, MMP9), stromelysins (e.g., MMP3, MMP10), matrilysins (e.g., MMP7), and membrane-type MMPs [7]. Among them, MMP1 is a major collagenase that degrades t

• With one exception all receptors for dopamine DA serotonin h

  2025-03-01

  

  With one exception, all receptors for dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and norepinephrine are metabotropic receptors. The five metabotropic DA receptors (D1–D5) in the CNS are involved in motivation, pleasure, cognition, learning, memory, fine motor control, and modulate neuroe

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